Power Model

Development Model

Information Model

Institution-based

Individual-based

Community building

Asset-

based

Consensus-based

Popular education

Participatory research

Main features

1.    organization of organizations.

2.    exclusive within community.

3.    focus on external targets.

4.    conflict (demonstrations, protests, confrontations with officials) and negotiation tactics.

5.    goals are policy change and community power.

1.    organization of individuals.

2.    exclusive within community.

3.    focus on external targets.

4.    conflict (demonstrations, protests, confrontations with officials) and negotiation tactics.

5.    goals are policy change and community power.

1.    organization of individuals, may be informal.

2.    may cross community boundaries.

3.    focus on internal development.

4.    builds family and other primary group relationships.

5.    goals are self-help and planning for development.

1.    coalition organization, may be informal.

2.    may cross community boundaries.

3.    focus on internal development.

4.    identifies skills and resources (assets) in community.

5.    goals are internal community planning and development.

1.    organization of individuals.

2.    may cross community boundaries.

3.    focus on internal development.

4.    service activities and individual skill development.

5.    goals are individual empowerment and internal community development.

1.    pre- or post- organizational.

2.    usually exclusive within community.

3.    focus on external issues and internal skills.

4.    links issue education with “literacy” or other skill development.

5.     goals are skill and knowledge preparation for action.

1.    pre- or post- organizational.

2.    usually exclusive within community.

3.    focus on external issues and internal skills.

4.    links issue campaign or organization building with research skill development.

5.    goals are using research to support action.

Organizer skills

1.    “bloc” recruitment.

2.    coalition maintenance.

3.    leadership/ relationship development.

4.    strategic confrontation.

5.    strategic negotiation.

1.    individual recruitment (including dues).

2.    organization building.

3.    leadership/ relationship development.

4.    strategic confrontation.

5.    strategic negotiation.

1.   individual recruitment.

2.   relationship building.

3.   skill building.

4.   self-help strategies.

5.   social change strategies.

1.    individual recruitment and coalition maintenance.

2.    asset- identification.

3.    asset mobilization and project management.

4.    organization- building.

5.    self-help strategies.

1.    individual recruitment and coalition maintenance.

2.    conflict management.

3.    cross-boundary relationship and project management.

4.    service delivery.

5.    self-help strategies.

1.    individual recruitment and organization building.

2.    participatory education.

3.    community presentation and event organizing

4.    relationship building.

5.    linking personal understanding and action.

1.    individual recruitment recruitment and organization building.

2.    research methods.

3.    community presentation and event organizing

4.    relationship building.

5.    linking information methods and action.